Remove Extra Spaces
Collapse multiple spaces/tabs into one
Remove Line Breaks
Join all lines into one paragraph
Remove Empty Lines
Strip blank lines from your text
Remove Duplicate Lines
Keep only the first occurrence of each line
Sort Lines A → Z
Alphabetical order, ascending
Sort Lines Z → A
Alphabetical order, descending
Sort by Line Length
Shortest lines first
Reverse Line Order
Flip the order of all lines
Reverse Text
Reverse every character (mirror text)
Remove Special Characters
Keep only letters, numbers and spaces
Add Line Numbers
Prefix each line with 1. 2. 3. …
Slugify (URL Slug)
Convert to a clean URL-friendly slug
Case Types Explained — What They're Used For
Different case formats exist for different reasons — readability, programming conventions, and URL safety. Here's a complete reference for all 15 case types and where each one is used.
| Case Type | Example | Used In |
|---|
| UPPERCASE | HELLO WORLD | Headlines, emphasis, acronyms, warning labels |
| lowercase | hello world | Casual text, usernames, email addresses, URLs |
| Title Case | Hello World | Article titles, headings (AP/Chicago style — minor words stay lowercase) |
| Sentence case | Hello world | Normal prose, fixing accidental ALL CAPS |
| Capitalize Each Word | Hello World | Proper nouns, names, every-word emphasis (no exceptions) |
| aLtErNaTiNg cAsE | hElLo WoRlD | Sarcasm/mocking text style (meme format) |
| InVeRsE CaSe | hELLO wORLD | Toggling existing capitalization, stylistic text |
| RaNdOm CaSe | HeLlo WorLD | Stylized decorative text, social media posts |
| camelCase | helloWorld | JavaScript, Java, C# — variable & function names |
| PascalCase | HelloWorld | Class names, React components, C# types |
| snake_case | hello_world | Python, Ruby — variables, functions, database columns |
| CONSTANT_CASE | HELLO_WORLD | Constants, environment variables, config keys |
| kebab-case | hello-world | URL slugs, CSS classes, HTML attributes |
| Train-Case | Hello-World | HTTP headers (e.g. Content-Type), some C# namespaces |
| dot.case | hello.world | Config file keys, package/module namespacing |
Programming Naming Conventions by Language
Each programming language has conventions for naming variables, functions, and classes. Using the wrong convention won't break your code, but it will make it look unprofessional and inconsistent with the ecosystem. Here's a quick reference:
| Language | Variables/Functions | Classes/Types | Constants |
|---|
| JavaScript / TypeScript | camelCase | PascalCase | CONSTANT_CASE |
| Python | snake_case | PascalCase | CONSTANT_CASE |
| Java / Kotlin | camelCase | PascalCase | CONSTANT_CASE |
| C# / .NET | camelCase / PascalCase | PascalCase | PascalCase |
| Ruby | snake_case | PascalCase | CONSTANT_CASE |
| CSS / HTML | kebab-case | kebab-case | --kebab-case |
| URL slugs / SEO | kebab-case | — | — |
| Environment variables | CONSTANT_CASE | — | CONSTANT_CASE |
| File names (general) | kebab-case / snake_case | PascalCase | — |
How to Use the Text Case Converter
Paste or type your text into the box at the top of the page. All 15 case conversions update instantly below — no buttons to click, no waiting. Each result has its own copy button so you can grab exactly the format you need.
Title Case vs Capitalize Each Word — What's the Difference?
This is the most commonly confused pair. Title Case follows AP/Chicago style guide rules: major words are capitalized, but short articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or), and short prepositions (in, on, at, to, for, of, with) stay lowercase — unless they're the first or last word. Example: "the lord of the rings" becomes "The Lord of the Rings".
Capitalize Each Word simply capitalizes the first letter of every single word with no exceptions. Example: "the lord of the rings" becomes "The Lord Of The Rings". Use Title Case for proper headlines and article titles. Use Capitalize Each Word for names, codes, or when you want every word emphasized.
Fixing Accidental Caps Lock Text
If you've ever typed a whole paragraph with Caps Lock on by accident, paste it into the converter and use the Sentence case result — it converts "I CANT BELIEVE I TYPED THIS WHOLE EMAIL IN CAPS" into "I cant believe i typed this whole email in caps", capitalizing only the first letter of each sentence.
Why Privacy Matters for Text Tools
All conversions on this page happen entirely in your browser using JavaScript — your text is never uploaded to a server, logged, or stored anywhere. This makes it safe to use for source code, internal documents, or any text you'd rather not paste into a cloud-based tool.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I convert text to a different case?
Paste or type your text into the box above. All 15 case conversions — UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case, Sentence case, camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case, kebab-case and more — update instantly. Click the copy button next to any result to copy it to your clipboard.
What is camelCase and where is it used?
camelCase joins words with no spaces — the first word lowercase, every following word capitalized (helloWorldExample). It's the standard for variables and functions in JavaScript, Java, and C#. The name comes from its resemblance to a camel's humps.
What is snake_case and where is it used?
snake_case is all lowercase with underscores between words (hello_world_example). It's the standard for variables and functions in Python and Ruby, and is commonly used for database column names and file names.
What is kebab-case and where is it used?
kebab-case is all lowercase with hyphens between words (hello-world-example). It's the standard for URL slugs, CSS class names, and HTML attributes — hyphens are SEO-friendly and URL-safe. Also called dash-case.
What is the difference between camelCase and PascalCase?
Both join words with no spaces. camelCase starts with a lowercase letter (helloWorld) and is used for variables/functions. PascalCase starts with an uppercase letter (HelloWorld) and is used for class names and React components.
How do I fix text stuck in ALL CAPS from Caps Lock?
Paste the all-caps text into the converter. The "Sentence case" result fixes it automatically — converting ACCIDENTALLY TYPED IN CAPS into a normal readable sentence, capitalizing only the first letter of each sentence.
What words are not capitalized in Title Case?
Following AP/Chicago style: short articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, nor), and short prepositions (in, on, at, to, for, of, with) stay lowercase unless they're the first or last word. "Capitalize Each Word" instead capitalizes literally every word with no exceptions.
Is my text sent to a server?
No. All conversions happen entirely in your browser using JavaScript. Your text is never sent to, stored on, or processed by any server — safe for sensitive documents and code.
What is a slug and how do I create one?
A slug is the URL-friendly version of a title — lowercase, spaces replaced with hyphens, special characters removed. "My Blog Post: 2026 Edition!" becomes "my-blog-post-2026-edition". Use the Slugify utility above to generate one instantly.
How do I fix text that's stuck in ALL CAPS from Caps Lock?
Paste the all-caps text into the converter above. The 'Sentence case' or 'Title Case' output will fix it automatically — converting ACCIDENTALLY TYPED IN CAPS to a normal, readable format. Sentence case capitalizes only the first letter of each sentence, which is usually what you want for fixing caps-lock mistakes.
Is my text sent to a server when I use this tool?
No. All text case conversion happens entirely in your browser using JavaScript. Your text is never sent to, stored on, or processed by any server. This makes it safe to use for sensitive documents, code, and confidential text.
What is camelCase and when should I use it?
camelCase capitalises the first letter of each word except the first, with no spaces: myVariableName, getUserData. It is the standard naming convention for variables and functions in JavaScript, Java, and many other languages. PascalCase (MyVariableName) capitalises the first letter too — typically used for class names and React components. snake_case uses underscores and is standard in Python.
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